Basiscursus HTML en CSS
Menu
De index
Je gaat nu je eerste web pagina bouwen met HTML.
Het doel van de opdracht op deze pagina is vooral het wennen aan de syntax van HTML
Maak in de map HTML en CSS een nieuwe map.
Noem deze map startbestanden.
Start het programma Sublime Text.
Kopieer de code uit het voorbeeld hiernaast en plak dat in het Sublime Text-bestand.
Kies in het menu File – Save.
Geef het bestand de naam index.html.
Bewaar het in de map startbestanden.
Sluit het bestand index.html.
Open de map HTML en CSS.
Je ziet daar de map startbestanden met daarin index.html.
Deze map ga je steeds gebruiken voor de volgende opdrachten. Wees er dus zuinig op.
Dupliceer de map startbestanden en noem de nieuwe map opdracht 1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Mijn HTML</title>
</head>
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</html>
De bestanden klaarzetten
- Start het programma Sublime text en kies file – Open
- Browse in het venster naar de map HTML en CSS en selecteer de map opdracht_1.
- Klik op open.
In de navigatiekolom van Sublime Text aan de linkerkant in het venster zie je een miniatuurtje van de map met daarin het bestand index.html.
Klik op het html-bestand en het opent in de editor.
Verander in de title-tag Mijn HTML in De ontdekkingen van Jouw Naam.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>De ontdekkingen van Jouw Naam</title>
</head>
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De eerste tag's
Sublime text is speciaal ontworpen en gebouwd voor dit werk.
Als je het op de juiste manier gebruikt zal het je vaak helpen en ook fouten voorkomen.
Laten we eerst even oefenen met het gebruik van het programma.
- Zet de cursor op regel 8 en typ <h
- Er verschijnt een lijst met suggesties. Klik op h1
Klik daarna op een willekeurige plek buiten de lijst met suggesties
Sublime Text heeft de tag voor je afgemaakt.
Er staat nu dus <h1></h1>
Fijn hè!
- Zet de cursor op regel 9 en typ <h
- Breng de cursor met de pijltjestoets naar beneden tot h2 is geselecteerd en druk op enter.
Sublime Text heeft je al weer geholpen.
Er staat nu dus <h2></h2>
Fantastisch toch!
Maak nu ook nog een p-tag <p></p>.
Typ in de H1-tag de volgende tekst (je mag ook kopiëren en plaken hoor).
Explorers United
Typ in de H2-tag deze tekst
Ontdek Samen, Creëer Avonturen: Jij + Vrienden = Oneindige Mogelijkheden!
Typ in de p-tag deze zin
Sta op, verleg grenzen, omarm avonturen – samen ontdekken we de wereld!
Controleer aan de hand van onderstaand voorbeeld of je het goed hebt gedaan.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>De ontdekkingen van Jouw Naam</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Explorers United</h1>
<h2>Ontdek Samen, Creëer Avonturen: Jij + Vrienden = Oneindige Mogelijkheden!</h2>
<p>Sta op verleg grenzen omarm avonturen samen ontdekken we de wereld!</p> <script data-no-optimize="1">window.lazyLoadOptions=Object.assign({},{threshold:300},window.lazyLoadOptions||{});!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function o(t){return e({},at,t)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,vt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,vt,e)}function i(t){return s(t,null),0}function r(t){return null===c(t)}function u(t){return c(t)===_t}function d(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function f(t,e){et?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" 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</html>
Bekijk het even.... in de browser
- Kies file – Save om je werk op te slaan.
- Klik met de rechtermuisknop op index.html en kies Reveal in Finder
- In de map klik je rechtermuisknop op het bestand index.html en kies dan Open met – Firefox.
- Vergelijk je werk met het voorbeeld hieronder.
Je ziet dat elke tag een eigen standaard stijl heeft gekregen.
- h1 is het belangrijkste, dus het grootste.
- Daarna komt h2
- en tenslotte p
Behalve deze tags zijn er ook nog h3 tot h6
Nog een paar tags, em strong span & br
De basisprincipes van HTML hebben we nu onder de knie, en ook enkele van de meest gebruikte tags ken je al.
We gaan nog 6 tags aan dat lijstje toevoegen en dan zijn we klaar met deze opdracht.
- Ga in Sublime Text naar het bestand index.html
- Voeg de em-tag, de strong-tag, de span-tag en de br-tag toe zoals in onderstaand voorbeeld.
Dit zijn 4 zogenaamde inline-tags.
Een inline-tag in HTML is een element dat inhoud binnen een regel verandert zonder een nieuwe regel te beginnen. - Bewaar je werk en controleer het resultaat in Firefox.
- Met <em> maak je een tekst cursief
- Met <strong> maak je een tekst vet
- <Span> geeft geen standaard zichtbaar resultaat.
We gaan dat later wel gebruiken. - Met een <br> (break) begint een nieuwe regel.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>De ontdekkingen van Jouw Naam</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Explorers United</h1>
<h2>Ontdek Samen, Creëer Avonturen: Jij + Vrienden = Oneindige Mogelijkheden!</h2>
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</html>
Een hyperlink maken
- Zet de cursor achter de p-tag sluiten en typ een enter.
- Typ op de nieuwe regel <a en kies de suggestie a
- Deze coderegel wordt nu gemaakt <a href=””></a>
- Pas deze regel aan zoals hier: <a href=”https://college.schakelaruba.com“><h3>Mijn School</h3></a>
- Het blauw gemarkeerde deel is de URL (het adres) waar de knop naar toe linkt.
Het rood gemarkeerde deel is de tekst waarop geklikt kan worden.
Je ziet dat de tekst in een h3-tag staat. Deze h3 tag is genest in de a-tag.
In de opdracht over CSS wordt duidelijk gemaakt waarom dat is gedaan. - Bewaar je werk en controleer het resultaat in Firefox.
Als de hyperlink werkt heb je het goed gedaan.
Als het niet werkt, zoek dan uit waarom het niet werkt.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>De ontdekkingen van Jouw Naam</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Explorers United</h1>
<h2>Ontdek Samen, Creëer Avonturen: Jij + Vrienden = Oneindige Mogelijkheden!</h2>
<p><em>Sta</em> <strong>op</strong><br><em>verleg</em> <strong>grenzen</strong><br><em>omarm</em> <strong>avonturen</strong> <br><span>samen ontdekken we de wereld!</span></p>
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</html>
Tenslotte een extraatje over het uitlezen van een array.
Daarvoor is het belangrijk om te weten dat JavaScript begint te tellen bij 0.
Dus niet zoals wij gewend zijn met 1.
Dat maakt het in het begin misschien wat ingewikkeld.
Het eerste element heeft dus volgnummer 0,
Het tweede element heeft volgnummer 1, enzovoort.
We noemen dat volgnummer de index.
Bekijk de afbeelding om te zien hoe de afzonderlijke elementen van een Array opgevraagd kunnen worden.
Vergelijk het resultaat met de code.
Een afbeelding plaatsen
- Ga naar je map opdracht_1 en maak hier een nieuwe map met de naam images
- Download hier de afbeelding die je voor deze opdracht gaat gebruiken.
Zet deze afbeelding in de map images.
Controleer de naam van het bestand plaatje.jpg. - Zet de cursor achter de a-tag sluiten, typ een break-tag en dan een enter.
- Typ op de nieuwe regel <im en kies de suggestie img
Deze coderegel wordt nu gemaakt <img src=””> - Pas deze regel aan zoals hier: <img src=”images/plaatje.jpg“>
in het blauw gemarkeerde deel wordt het pad vanaf index naar de afbeelding beschreven.- images is de map waar plaatje.jpg staat
- plaatje.jpg is de naam van het bestand met de extensie.
Je kunt in de navigatiekolom van sublime text de exacte naam en de locatie ten opzichte van de index opzoeken!
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>De ontdekkingen van Jouw Naam</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Explorers United</h1>
<h2>Ontdek Samen, Creëer Avonturen: Jij + Vrienden = Oneindige Mogelijkheden!</h2>
<p><em>Sta</em> <strong>op</strong><br><em>verleg</em> <strong>grenzen</strong><br><em>omarm</em> <strong>avonturen</strong> <br><span>samen ontdekken we de wereld!</span></p>
<a href="https://college.schakelaruba.com"><h3>Mijn School</h3></a>
<br>
<img src="images/plaatje.jpg">
</body>
</html>
Het is belangrijk dat je begrijpt..........
…… dat je niet de foto zelf in de html pagina hebt gezet, maar een koppeling hebt gemaakt tussen index.html en plaatje.jpg
Het resultaat
Bewaar je werk en controleer het resultaat in Firefox.
Als het plaatje op de pagina staat heb je het goed gedaan.
In het volgende hoofdstuk gaan we de style beschrijven met CSS.
Kennis en vaardigheden
Controleer of je de begrippen uit onderstaande lijst begrijpt en kunt toepassen.
Ze kunnen in een toets aan de orde komen.
- Navigatiekolom Sublime Text
- Firefox
- Bestandsbeheer
- HTML
- CSS
- Extensie
- HTML structuur
- Syntax
- Tags
- Tags nesten
- Suggesties
- DOCTYPE
- html
- head
- meta charset
- title
- body
- h1, h2, h3…
- p
- a
- img
- em, strong, spam, br